Kategoria:Bolidy historyczne

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'''Doniesienia historyczne o obserwowanych do 1905 roku „wydarzeniach”: bolidach, jasnych meteorach, spadkach''' (sprzed 1905 roku, tzn. daty ukazania się opracowania Kleina (1904)).

Większość zamieszczonych tu informacji oparta jest na katalogach [[Bibliografia/Chladni Ernst F.F.|Chladniego]], [[:Szablon:Klein (1904)|Kleina (1904)]], [[:Szablon:Greg (1861)|Grega (1861)]] i&nbsp;Boguslawskiego ([[:Szablon:Boguslawski (1854)|1854]], [[:Szablon:Boguslawski (1854a)|1854a]]). Również kilka doniesień zaczerpnięto z&nbsp;artykułów [[Bibliografia/Pokrzywnicki Jerzy|Pokrzywnickiego]] dotyczących bolidów.

Warto odnotować takie wydarzenia, nawet jeśli nie można ich obecnie interpretować jako spadki meteorytów. Być może w&nbsp;przyszłości uda się część zamieszczonych tu dat i&nbsp;miejsc powiązać z&nbsp;innymi wydarzeniami natury meteorytowej. Jednym z&nbsp;kryteriów wyboru doniesień z&nbsp;wymienionych katalogów była nie tylko ich lokalizacja, ale także skala zjawiska. Pominięto tu na {{SITENAME}} doniesienia o&nbsp;meteorach/bolidach małej jasności, zakładając, że nie spadły w&nbsp;ich wyniku meteoryty<ref>dotyczy to szczególnie wielu zjawisk bolidów i&nbsp;jasnych meteorów opisanych w&nbsp;artykułach Pokrzywnickiego</ref>.

== Bolidy historyczne ==

Poza znanymi i identyfikowalnymi zdarzeniami są u&nbsp;Grega (1861) jeszcze następujące doniesienia o&nbsp;bolidach (ang. ''fireball'', ''bolide'', fr. ''bolide'', niem. ''Feuerkugel'', ros. ''болид'') (część z&nbsp;nich została również wcześniej opisana u&nbsp;Boguslawskiego (1854, 1854a)):

'''Greg (1861)'''<ref>'''boldem''' wyróżniono wydarzenia opisane na osobnych stronach</ref>
:{| {{Old sources |max-width=1000px}}
|+ Catalogue of aërolites and Bolides, from A.D. 2 to A.D. 1860
|-
! Year. !! Day of month. !! Locality. !! Size or weight. !! Direction. !! Duration; rate; hour; !! Remarks, &c.
|-
| '''1135.*''' || ? || Oldesleben, Thuringia || {{Kropek}} || {{Kropek}} || {{Kropek}} || Stone-fall?. 10&nbsp;inches diameter (or A.D. 1136). (''patrz&nbsp;→ '''[[Steinbach]]''''')
|-
| '''1164.*''' || '''May''' || Misnia, Saxony || {{Kropek}} || {{Kropek}} || {{Kropek}} || Iron-fall?. About the feast of Pentecost. (''patrz&nbsp;→ '''[[Steinbach]]''''')
|-
| '''1249.*''' || '''July 26''' || [[Quedlinburg]] || {{Kropek}} || {{Kropek}} || {{Kropek}} || Stone-fall; many?. (''patrz&nbsp;→ '''[[Quedlinburg]]''''')
|-
| '''1304.*''' || '''Oct. 1''' || Saale, Saxony || {{Kropek}} || {{Kropek}} || {{Kropek}} || 	Stone-fall; many?. Friedland or Friedberg. (''patrz&nbsp;→ '''[[Friedland 1304]]''''')
|-
| '''1305.?''' || ? || Vandal towns || {{Kropek}} || {{Kropek}} || {{Kropek}} || Stone-fall?; in Lusatia (Saxony); probably same as October 1, 1304. (''patrz&nbsp;→ '''[[Friedland 1304]]; [[Bolid wielkopolski]]''''')
|-
| '''1339.?''' || '''July&nbsp;13''' || Silesia || {{Kropek}} || {{Kropek}} || {{Kropek}} || aërolitic (Baumhauer's Catalogue). 300&nbsp;thunderbolts said to have fallen during a&nbsp;thunderstorm; can hardly be considered aërolitic. (''patrz&nbsp;→ '''[[Śląsk 1339]]''''')
|-
| '''1511.*''' || Sept. 4 || Crema, N. Italy || {{Kropek}} || {{Kropek}} || {{Kropek}} || Stone-fall; many from 1 lb. to 8 lbs. (''patrz&nbsp;→ '''[[Madonna di Foligno (Rafael, obraz)]]''''')
|-
| '''1545.*''' || ? || Neuhof, Saxony || {{Kropek}} || {{Kropek}} || {{Kropek}} || Iron-fall; fell or found?. Grimma, Saxony. 1540 according to Boguslawski. (''patrz&nbsp;→ '''[[Steinbach]]''''')
|-
| 1548.* || Nov. 6 || Mansfeld, Thuringia || ½&nbsp;moon || W. to E. || 2 A.M. || detonating meteor; aërolitic? (Baumhauer); a&nbsp;substance said to have fallen from it like [[:Category:Dziwne substancje|coagulated blood]]!
|-
| '''1572.?''' || '''9''' || [[Thorn]] || {{Kropek}} || {{Kropek}} || {{Kropek}} || aërolitic (according to Baumhauer's Catalogue). Doubtful fall, according to Chladni. (''patrz&nbsp;→ '''[[Toruń 1572]]''''')
|-
| '''1591.*''' || '''June 9''' || [[Kunersdorf]] || {{Kropek}} || {{Kropek}} || {{Kropek}} || Stone-fall; several large stones (19th June?). (''patrz&nbsp;→ '''[[Kunersdorf 1591]]''''')
|-
| '''1636.*''' || '''Mar. 6''' || [[Sagan]], Silesia || {{Kropek}} || {{Kropek}} || 6 A.M. || Stone-fall; one large one. (''patrz&nbsp;→ '''[[Sagan (Dąbrowa Łużycka)]]''''')
|-
| '''1660.''' || '''Feb 23''' || Wittenberg || {{Kropek}} || {{Kropek}} || {{Kropek}} || fireball. (''patrz&nbsp;→ '''[[Bolid 1660]]''''')
|-
| '''1715.*''' || '''Apr. 11''' || [[Schellin]], Pomerania || 15 lbs. +½ || {{Kropek}} || 2 P.M. || Stone-fall; Prussia. (''patrz&nbsp;→ '''[[Schellin (Skalin)]]''''')
|-
| '''1717.?''' || ? || Hungary || {{Kropek}} || {{Kropek}} || {{Kropek}} || aërolitic fall; Poggendorff, iv. 1854, p. 33. Hungary; probably only the meteor of August 10, seen in Bohemia, Hungary, Prussia, &c. The Reports of the British Association of 1849, state that a&nbsp;stone fell, but this does not seem to be correct. (''patrz&nbsp;→ '''[[Opole 1716]]''''')
|-
| '''1723.*''' || '''June 22''' || [[Plescowitz]], Bohemia || {{Kropek}} || {{Kropek}} || 2 P.M. || Stone-fall; 33 picked up, one of 6 lbs. (''patrz&nbsp;→ '''[[Ploschkovitz]]''''')
|-
| '''1729.''' || '''Oct. 16''' || [[Warsaw]] || {{Kropek}} || {{Kropek}} || {{Kropek}} || fireball. (''patrz&nbsp;→ '''[[Warszawa&nbsp;1729]]''''')
|-
| '''1750.?''' || '''Feb. 9''' || [[Silesia]] || {{Kropek}} || {{Kropek}} || {{Kropek}} || fireball; aërolitic (according to Baumhauer's Cat.) Silesia; a&nbsp;fireball, said to have fallen down in fragments. (''patrz&nbsp;→ '''[[Śląsk 1750]]''''')
|-
| '''1753.*''' || '''July 3''' || [[Tabor]], Bohemia || 13 lbs.+ || {{Kropek}} || 8 P.M. || Stone-fall; several; sp. gr. 3.65. (''patrz&nbsp;→ '''[[Tabor]]''''')
|-
| '''1775.*''' || ? || [[Obruteza]], Russia || {{Kropek}} || {{Kropek}} || {{Kropek}} || Stone-fall. in Volhynia. (''patrz&nbsp;→ '''[[Owrucz]]''''')
|-
| '''1796.*''' || '''Jan. 4''' || Bielaja, Zerkwa, Russia || {{Kropek}} || {{Kropek}} || {{Kropek}} || Stone-fall; several. (''patrz&nbsp;→ '''[[Bjelaja Zerkov]]''''')
|-
| '''1798.*''' || '''Dec. 13''' || Benaes, India || {{Kropek}} || {{Kropek}} || 8 P.M. || Stone-fall. (''patrz&nbsp;→ '''[[Kraków 1798]]''''')
|-
| colspan="7" | ''Od roku 1800 (poniżej) nie wyszczególniono już części doniesień o&nbsp;udokumentowanych spadkach, a&nbsp;zawartych w&nbsp;wykazie Grega'' (''patrz&nbsp;→&nbsp;[[Kalendarium]]'')
|-
| '''1803.''' || '''Jan. 21''' || Silesia || {{Kropek}} || {{Kropek}} || {{Kropek}} || a&nbsp;shooting-star; got larger and larger till it fell to earth. 1803. January 21. Between Barsdorf and Freiburg. Seemed to pass close to the ground; a&nbsp;whizzing noise heard, then it seemed to lie burning on the ground; next day a&nbsp;jelly-like mass found on the snow. Curious, if true. (''patrz&nbsp;→ '''[[Bojanowo 1803]]''''')
|-
| '''1805.''' || '''Oct. 21''' || Sweden || {{Kropek}} || {{Kropek}} || {{Kropek}} || fireball. (''patrz&nbsp;→ '''[[Świdnica 1805]]''''')
|-
| '''1811.*''' || '''Mar. 12''' || Poltawa, Russia || 13 lbs.+ || {{Kropek}} || night || Stone-fall; two fell; sp. gr. 3·49 Kuleschofka.. (''patrz&nbsp;→ '''[[Kuleschovka]]''''')
|-
| 1821. || Feb. 12 || [[Breslau]] || {{Kropek}} || {{Kropek}} || {{Kropek}} || fireball.
|-
| '''1821.?''' || '''Mar. 5''' || Pomerania || {{Kropek}} || {{Kropek}} || {{Kropek}} || aërolitic fall (Boguslawski and Poggendorff). A doubtful fall; occured during an earthquake, supposed to have been caused by the explosion of a&nbsp;meteor. Chladni thinks that the holes in the ground might have been caused by falling stones, which were not found because not searched for. (Gilbert's Ann., lxxi. 1822, p.560). (''patrz&nbsp;→ '''[[Greifswalder Kreise 1821]]''''')
|-
| 1821. || Dec. 4 || [[Görlitz]] || {{Kropek}} || {{Kropek}} || {{Kropek}} || fireball.
|-
| '''1821.*''' || '''Dec. 24''' || Bromberg; Wirtemberg || large || E. to W. || 6 P.M. || fireball; accompanied with detonation. (''patrz&nbsp;→ '''[[Bolid 1821]]''''')
|-
| '''1822.''' || '''Aug. 23''' || Posen || {{Kropek}} || {{Kropek}} || {{Kropek}} || fireball. (''patrz&nbsp;→ '''[[Bolid&nbsp;1822]]''''')
|-
| 1823. || Oct. 3 || Königsberg<ref name="Königsberg">nazwę ''[[Königsberg]]'' nosiły miasta: ''Chojna'' w&nbsp;woj. pomorskim, ''Klimkovice'' (''Klimkowice'') obecnie w&nbsp;Czechach i&nbsp;''Królewiec'' obecnie Kaliningrad w&nbsp;Rosji oraz wieś ''Zagórze Śląskie'' w&nbsp;województwie dolnośląskim</ref> || {{Kropek}} || {{Kropek}} || {{Kropek}} || fireball.
|-
| 1824. || Feb. 3 || [[Görlitz]] || {{Kropek}} || {{Kropek}} || {{Kropek}} || fireball; aërolitic?.
|-
| 1825. || Jan. 24 || Königsberg<ref name="Königsberg"></ref> || {{Kropek}} || {{Kropek}} || {{Kropek}} || fireball.
|-
| 1830. || Dec. 14 || [[Warsaw]] || {{Kropek}} || {{Kropek}} || {{Kropek}} || fireball.
|-
| '''1831.''' || '''Jan. 12''' || Breslau || {{Kropek}} || {{Kropek}} || {{Kropek}} || fireball. (''patrz&nbsp;→ '''[[Wrocław&nbsp;1831]]''''')
|-
| '''1834.''' || '''Feb. 4''' || Upper Silesia || = moon || {{Kropek}} || {{Kropek}} || high up in the sky. At Cracow chiefly. (''patrz&nbsp;→ '''[[Śląsk&nbsp;1834]]''''')
|-
| '''1834.''' || '''Mar. 10''' || Hirschberg<ref>chodzi o Jelenią Górę (niem. ''Hirschberg'')</ref>, Silesia || {{Kropek}} || {{Kropek}} || 3½ A.M. || a brilliant meteor; exploded like thunder. (''patrz&nbsp;→ '''[[Hirschberg&nbsp;1834]]''''')
|-
| 1835. || Jan. 12 || [[Breslau]] || {{Kropek}} || {{Kropek}} || {{Kropek}} || fireball.
|-
| '''1835.''' || '''June 13''' || Königsberg<ref name="Königsberg"></ref> || {{Kropek}} || W. to E. || {{Kropek}} || a reddish fireball. (''patrz&nbsp;→ '''[[Königsberg&nbsp;1835]]''''')
|-
| '''1836.''' || '''Oct. 18''' || Breslau || large || {{Kropek}} || {{Kropek}} || short tail; no noise. (''patrz&nbsp;→ '''[[Wrocław&nbsp;1836]]''''')
|-
| '''1836.?''' || '''Nov. 22''' || Silesia || {{Kropek}} || {{Kropek}} || {{Kropek}} || atmospheric explosion. (''patrz&nbsp;→ '''[[Śląsk&nbsp;1836]]''''')
|-
| '''1837.''' || '''Aug. 29''' || Upper Silesia || {{Kropek}} || {{Kropek}} || slow || with reddish tail. (''patrz&nbsp;→ '''[[Śląsk&nbsp;1837]]''''')
|-
| '''1837.''' || '''Dec. 30''' || [[Trebnitz]] || {{Kropek}} || N. to S. || {{Kropek}} || by day-light; bright silver-white; sparks after. (''patrz&nbsp;→ '''[[Trzebnica 1837]]''''')
|-
| '''1838.'''  || '''Jan. 2'''  || Breslau || large || N.E to S.W || streak 2' || cast shadows; blue, red. (''patrz&nbsp;→ '''[[Wrocław&nbsp;1838]]''''')
|-
| '''1841.*''' || '''Dec. 5''' || Goldberg<ref>chodzi o Złotoryję (niem. ''Goldberg'') na Śląsku</ref>, Silesia || = full moon || S.W. to N.E. || 1' || lighted up all the sky; bluish; detonation?. 6.45 P.M. Silesia, Hirschberg, Breslau, Oderberg, Lukenwald, and other places. In bursting, fell into many stars equal 1st mag. in size. Intense light; some heard a report. (''patrz&nbsp;→ '''[[Śląsk&nbsp;1841]]''''')
|-
| '''1842.''' || '''Aug. 5''' || Silesia? || large || N.W. to S.E. || 8.20 P.M. || moved parallel to horizon about 4° high; tailed. Seen by Boguslawski, probably at Breslau; had a smoke-like tail; twilight; burst in 10", leaving a black smoke which slowly ascended, broke up and vanished. Baumhauer, in his Catalogue, refers to the stone-fall same day at Harrowgate. (''patrz&nbsp;→ '''[[Śląsk&nbsp;1842&nbsp;Aug]]''''')
|-
| '''1842.*''' || '''Oct. 23''' || Silesia, &c. || large || S. to E. || 90° in 3" || brightest at first; sparks; detonation; 8½ P.M. All over Silesia; long rumbling sounds in the air afterwards. (''patrz&nbsp;→ '''[[Śląsk&nbsp;1842&nbsp;Oct]]''''')
|-
| '''1844.''' || '''Sept. 5''' || Overall, Silesia || very large || E. to W. || 8", slow || nearly horizontal; reddish streak; conical. At Hirschberg; horizontal; slow; E. to W.; like a wine-decanter; greenish-yellow tail; of 4' or 6' in width; brilliant. Also seen at Posen; must have been very high up; detailed accounts sent in from 35 places; burst into several bright stars, which vanished, leaving only a reddish streak; at Breslau, like a large bright lamp; moved in a curved arc of 50° in length; tail 1½° long. (''patrz&nbsp;→ '''[[Śląsk&nbsp;1844]]''''')
|-
| '''1845.?''' || '''Jan. 20''' || [[Grüneberg]], Silesia || {{Kropek}} || N.W. to S.E. ||  || remarkable fiery meteor and tail; detonation?. (''patrz&nbsp;→ '''[[Zielona&nbsp;Góra&nbsp;1845]]''''')
|-
| '''1846.''' || '''Mar. 31''' || Upper Silesia || {{Kropek}} || {{Kropek}} || quick || bright silvery; short tail. (''patrz&nbsp;→ '''[[Śląsk&nbsp;1846&nbsp;Mar]]''''')
|-
| '''1846.''' || '''Oct. 24''' || Silesia; many places || large || {{Kropek}} || 6.45 P.M. || burst into small sparks; no noise; left a small dark cloud for 2'. (''patrz&nbsp;→ '''[[Śląsk&nbsp;1846&nbsp;Oct]]''''')
|-
| '''1846.''' || '''Nov. 18''' || Breslau, and other places || {{Kropek}} || {{Kropek}}  || {{Kropek}} || like a fiery serpent; no noise. Silesia. Left a bright cloud for 10", composed of three parts. Many places in Silesia. (''patrz&nbsp;→ '''[[Wrocław&nbsp;1846]]''''')
|-
| '''1847.''' || '''Nov. 7''' || Trebnitz<ref>chodzi o miejscowość Trzebnica (niem. ''Trebnitz'') na Dolnym Śląsku</ref>, Silesia || {{Kropek}}  || {{Kropek}} || slow || bright fireball. (''patrz&nbsp;→ '''[[Śląsk&nbsp;1847]]''''')
|-
| '''1847.''' || '''Dec. 13''' || Breslau || {{Kropek}} || {{Kropek}} || streak 6 or 7" || tail 4° long; rapid; serpentine movement. (''patrz&nbsp;→ '''[[Wrocław&nbsp;1847]]''''')
|-
| 1848. || Mar. 8 || [[Breslau]] || {{Kropek}} || {{Kropek}} || {{Kropek}} || straight down. 1847?.
|-
| '''1848.''' || '''May 19''' || Silesia || {{Kropek}} || {{Kropek}} || {{Kropek}} || large bolide; or 20th May.. (''patrz&nbsp;→ '''[[Śląsk&nbsp;1848]]''''')
|-
| '''1850.''' || '''Apr. 21''' || Breslau || {{Kropek}} || {{Kropek}} || 25" or 30" || bright meteoric light, increasing and decreasing; burst as it sank below the horizon. (''patrz&nbsp;→ '''[[Wrocław&nbsp;1850]]''''')
|-
| 1852. || Jan. 3 || [[Cracow]] || {{Kropek}} || {{Kropek}} || {{Kropek}} || bolide.
|-
| '''1852.''' || '''Sept. 28''' || Silesia; [[Breslau]] || large || ┴ down || 8¾ A.M. || seen over all Silesia; tailed; during sunshine; no noise. (''patrz&nbsp;→ '''[[Śląsk&nbsp;1852&nbsp;Sep]]''''')
|-
| 1852. || Dec. 9 || [[Cracow]] || {{Kropek}} || {{Kropek}} || {{Kropek}} || fireball.
|-
| '''1852.''' || '''Dec. 11''' || Germany || {{Kropek}} || {{Kropek}} || {{Kropek}} || detonating meteor. See Supplement. (''patrz&nbsp;→ '''[[Śląsk 1852 Dec 11|Śląsk&nbsp;1852&nbsp;Dec&nbsp;11]]; [[Niezidentyfikowane&nbsp;1852 i&nbsp;1861]]''''')
|-
| 1853. || Feb. 14 || [[Cracow]] || {{Kropek}} || {{Kropek}} || {{Kropek}} || fireball.
|-
| 1853. || Oct. 26 || Pomerania || large || {{Kropek}} || {{Kropek}} || left a spiral trail.
|-
| '''1858.?''' || '''Aug. 4''' || Berlin, Stettin<ref>Szczecin (niem. ''Stettin'')</ref>, &c. || {{Kropek}} || {{Kropek}} || 6" || fireball; detonation?. Seen also at Münster and Oderberg. See Buchner's work, pp. 171 and 181. This meteor is said to have twice changed its direction each time of its apparent bursting, and sending out reddish-coloured sparks. (''patrz&nbsp;→ '''[[Bolid&nbsp;1858]]''''')
|-
| '''1859'''<ref name="suplement">zapis w suplemencie (Greg 1861)</ref> || '''May&nbsp;15''' || Westphalia || {{Kropek}} || N.W. to S.E. || 4" || fireball; path oblique; no train. (''patrz&nbsp;→ '''[[Kuniewo]]''''')
|}

== Lokalizacja ==

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== [[Bibliografia]] ==

Historyczne doniesienia o bolidach i prawdopodobnych spadkach meteorytów:

* {{Baumhauer (1845)}}

* {{Boguslawski (1854)}}

* {{Boguslawski (1854a)}}

* {{Buszczyński (1887)}}

* '''Chladni Ernst F.F.''' patrz → podstrona ''Bibliografia: [[Bibliografia/Chladni Ernst F.F.|Chladni Ernst F.F.]]''

* {{Czajka (2011)}}

* {{Greg (1861)}}

* {{Kämtz (1836)}}

* {{Klein (1904)}}

* {{Łaszkiewicz (1936)}}

* {{Morozewicz (1931)}}

* Pokrzywnicki Jerzy, (1963), '''Meteoryty, meteory i bolidy w starożytności''', ''Z Otchłani Wieków'', r. XXIX, z. 1, 1963, s. 18-23.

* {{Pokrzywnicki (1960, bolidy 1)}}

* {{Pokrzywnicki (1965, bolidy 2)}}

* {{Pokrzywnicki (1965, bolidy 3)}}

* {{Pokrzywnicki (1969, bolidy 4)}}

{{Przypisy}}

== Zobacz również ==

* '''[[:Category:Bolidy|kategoria Bolidy]]'''
* '''[[Kalendarium]]'''

* [[Bolidy (typy)|typy bolidów]]

== Linki zewnętrzne ==

* Wikipedia – [http://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niemieckie_nazwy_polskich_miejscowości Niemieckie nazwy polskich miejscowości]

[[Category:Doniesienia]]