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Z Wiki.Meteoritica.pl

Jambon Albert, Bielińska Gerta, Kosiński Maciej, Wieczorek-Szmal Magdalena, Miśta-Jakubowska Ewelina, Tarasiuk Jacek, Dzięgielewski Karol, (2024), Heavenly metal for the commoners: Meteoritic irons from the Early Iron Age cemeteries in Częstochowa (Poland), Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports, 62, april 2025, ss. 11 (abstrakt).^[1][2] Plik doi.

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Abstract: The Częstochowa-Raków and Częstochowa-Mirów cemeteries in S Poland (Hallstatt C period) yielded several dozen iron objects, very few of which have been analyzed so far. The p-XRF analysis of 26 specimens and SEM/EDS analyses of 3, reveal that three bracelets, an ankle ring and a pin contain meteoritic iron, all the other objects being made of smelted iron. This modest number of specimens nevertheless forms one of the biggest collection of meteoritic iron products at one archaeological site worldwide. The presence in the same context of both meteoritic and smelted irons enables us to discuss the role of slag incorporation vs. contamination.

The composition of the specimens containing meteoritic iron is quite variable even for a single specimen, which can be explained by an association with smelted iron. Extensive examinations suggest that a single meteorite was used, possibly a contemporary fall which would not be an import. This confirms that the inhabitants knew the working of iron and that meteoritic iron no longer had the considerable symbolic value it had in the Bronze Age before the discovery of iron smelting. It was simply used as an iron ore. We suggest that meteoritic iron was deliberately used to produce a specific pattern on iron jewelry a millennium before the supposed invention of wootz and Damascus steel.

Keywords: Iron, Meteorite, Early Iron Age, Bracelets, Lusatian culture, Ataxite

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Fig. 1. (fragment) Location of Częstochowa (Cz) in S Poland on the background of the Lusatian culture range around 800–750 BCE (1). Plan of the Częstochowa-Raków cemetery with the location of graves with meteoritic iron bracelets (2). (…)

Fig. 1. (fragment) (…) Bracelets (A-B-C) and anklering (D) from Częstochowa-Raków made of meteoritic iron (3). Pin fragment (E) from Częstochowa-Mirów (4). Drawing by K. Dzięgielewski.

Figure A2:4. Częstochowa-Mirów, grave 8. Pin E (Cz-3440/9). Micro CT image (longitudinal section)

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