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Linia 3: |
| | == Bolidy == | | == Bolidy == |
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| - | Poza znanymi i identyfikowalnymi zdarzeniami są u Greg'a jeszcze następujące doniesienia o bolidach (ang. ''fireball'', niem. ''Feuerkugel'') (część z nich została również wcześniej opisana u Boguslawskiego 1854):
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| - | ;Greg 1861
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| - | {| class="wikitable-MET-cite"
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| - | |+ Catalogue of aërolites and Bolides, from A.D. 2 to A.D. 1860
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| - | ! Year.
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| - | ! Day of month.
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| - | ! Locality.
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| - | ! Size or weight.
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| - | ! Direction.
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| - | ! Duration; rate; hour;
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| - | ! Remarks, &c.
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| - | | 1729. || Oct. 16 || Warsaw || ... || ... || ... || ditto. [fireball]
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| - | | 1821. || Feb. 12 || Breslau || ... || ... || ... || ditto. [fireball]
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| - | | 1821. || Dec. 4 || Görlitz || ... || ... || ... || ditto. [fireball.]
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| - | | 1822. || Aug. 23 || Posen || ... || ... || ... || ditto. [fireball.]
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| - | | 1823. || Oct. 3 || Königsberg<ref name="Königsberg">nazwę ''[[Königsberg]]'' nosiły miasta Chojna w woj. pomorskim, Klimkovice (Klimkowice) i Królewiec</ref> || ... || ... || ... || ditto. [fireball.]
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| - | | 1824. || Feb. 3 || Görlitz || ... || ... || ... || fireball; aërolitic?.
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| - | | 1825. || Jan. 24 || Königsberg<ref name="Königsberg"></ref> || ... || ... || ... || ditto. [fireball.]
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| - | | 1830. || Dec. 14 || Warsaw || ... || ... || ... || ditto. [fireball.]
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| - | | '''1831.''' || '''Jan. 12''' || Breslau || ... || ... || ... || fireball. '''''patrz: [[Wrocław 1831]]'''''
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| - | | '''1834.''' || '''Feb. 4''' || Upper Silesia || = moon || ... || ... || high up in the sky. At Cracow chiefly. '''''patrz [[Śląsk 1834]]'''''
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| - | | '''1834.''' || '''Mar. 10''' || Hirschberg, Silesia<ref>chodzi zapewne o Jelenią Górę (''Hirschberg'')</ref> || ... || ... || 3½ A.M. || a brilliant meteor; exploded like thunder. '''''patrz [[Hirschberg 1834]]'''''
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| - | | 1835. || Jan. 12 || Breslau || ... || ... || ... || fireball.
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| - | | '''1835.''' || '''June 13''' || Königsberg<ref name="Königsberg"></ref> || ... || W. to E. || ... || a reddish fireball. '''''patrz: [[Königsberg 1835]]'''''
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| - | | '''1836.''' || '''Oct. 18''' || Breslau || large || ... || ... || short tail; no noise. '''''patrz: [[Wrocław 1836]]'''''
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| - | | '''1836.?''' || '''Nov. 22''' || Silesia || ... || ... || ... || atmospheric explosion. '''''patrz: [[Śląsk 1836]]'''''
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| - | | '''1837.''' || '''Aug. 29''' || Upper Silesia || ... || ... || slow || with reddish tail. '''''patrz: [[Śląsk 1837]]'''''
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| - | | '''1838.''' || '''Jan. 2''' || Breslau || large || N.E to S.W || streak 2' || cast shadows; blue, red. '''''patrz: [[Wrocław 1838]]'''''
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| - | | '''1841.*''' || '''Dec. 5''' || Goldberg, Silesia<ref>chodzi zapewne o Złotoryję (''Goldberg'') na Śląsku</ref> || = full moon || S.W. to N.E. || 1' || lighted up all the sky; bluish; detonation?. 6.45 P.M. Silesia, Hirschberg, Breslau, Oderberg, Lukenwald, and other places. In bursting, fell into many stars equal 1st mag. in size. Intense light; some heard a report. '''''patrz: [[Śląsk 1841]]'''''
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| - | | '''1842.''' || '''Aug. 5''' || Silesia? || large || N.W. to S.E. || 8.20 P.M. || moved parallel to horizon about 4° high; tailed. Seen by Boguslawski, probably at Breslau; had a smoke-like tail; twilight; burst in 10", leaving a black smoke which slowly ascended, broke up and vanished. Baumhauer, in his Catalogue, refers to the stone-fall same day at Harrowgate. '''''patrz: [[Śląsk 1842 Aug]]'''''
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| - | | '''1842.*''' || '''Oct. 23''' || Silesia, &c. || large || S. to E. || 90° in 3" || brightest at first; sparks; detonation; 8½ P.M. All over Silesia; long rumbling sounds in the air afterwards. '''''patrz: [[Śląsk 1842 Oct]]'''''
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| - | | '''1844.''' || '''Sept. 5''' || Overall, Silesia || very large || E. to W. || 8", slow || nearly horizontal; reddish streak; conical. At Hirschberg; horizontal; slow; E. to W.; like a wine-decanter; greenish-yellow tail; of 4' or 6' in width; brilliant. Also seen at Posen; must have been very high up; detailed accounts sent in from 35 places; burst into several bright stars, which vanished, leaving only a reddish streak; at Breslau, like a large bright lamp; moved in a curved arc of 50° in length; tail 1½° long. '''''patrz: [[Śląsk 1844]]'''''
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| - | | '''1846.''' || '''Mar. 31''' || Upper Silesia || ... || ... || quick || bright silvery; short tail. '''''patrz: [[Śląsk 1846 Mar]]'''''
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| - | | '''1846.''' || '''Oct. 24''' || Silesia; many places || ditto || ... || 6.45 P.M. || burst into small sparks; no noise; left a small dark cloud for 2'. '''''patrz: [[Śląsk 1846 Oct]]'''''
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| - | | '''1846.''' || '''Nov. 18''' || Breslau, and other places || ... || ... || ... || like a fiery serpent; no noise. Silesia. Left a bright cloud for 10", composed of three parts. Many places in Silesia. '''''patrz: [[Wrocław 1846]]'''''
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| - | | '''1847.''' || '''Nov. 7''' || Trebnitz<ref>chodzi zapewne o miejscowość Trzebnica (''Trebnitz'') na Dolnym Śląsku</ref>, Silesia || ... || ... || slow || bright fireball. '''''patrz: [[Śląsk 1847]]'''''
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| - | | '''1847.''' || '''Dec. 13''' || Breslau || ... || ... || streak 6 or 7" || tail 4° long; rapid; serpentine movement. '''''patrz: [[Wrocław 1847]]'''''
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| - | | 1848. || Mar. 8 || Breslau || ... || ... || ... || straight down. 1847?.
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| - | | '''1848.''' || '''May 19''' || Silesia || ... || ... || ... || large bolide; or 20th May.. '''''patrz: [[Śląsk 1848]]'''''
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| - | | '''1850.''' || '''Apr. 21''' || Breslau || ... || ... || 25" or 30" || bright meteoric light, increasing and decreasing; burst as it sank below the horizon. '''''patrz: [[Wrocław 1850]]'''''
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| - | | 1852. || Jan. 3 || Cracow || ... || ... || ... || ditto. [bolide.]
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| - | | 1852. || Sept. 28 || Silesia; Breslau || large || ┴ down || 8¾ A.M. || seen over all Silesia; tailed; during sunshine; no noise.
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| - | | 1852. || Dec. 9 || Cracow || ... || ... || ... || ditto. [fireball.]
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| - | | '''1852.''' || '''Dec. 11''' || Germany || ... || ... || ... || detonating meteor. See Supplement. '''''patrz: [[Niezidentyfikowane 1852 i 1861]]'''''
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| - | | 1853. || Feb. 14 || Cracow || ... || ... || ... || ditto. [fireball.]
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| - | | 1853. || Oct. 26 || Pomerania || large || ... || ... || left a spiral trail.
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| - | | 1858.? || Aug. 4 || Berlin, Stettin, &c.<ref>Szczecin</ref> || ... || ... || 6" || fireball; detonation?. Seen also at Münster and Oderberg. See Buchner's work, pp. 171 and 181. This meteor is said to have twice changed its direction each time of its apparent bursting, and sending out reddish-coloured sparks.
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| - | |}
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| | == [[Bibliografia]] == | | == [[Bibliografia]] == |
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| - | ;Historyczne doniesienia o bolidach:
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| - | * von Boguslawski Georg, (1854), '''Zehnter Nachtrag zu Chladni's Verzeichnisse der Feuermeteore und herabgefallenen Massen (''Wien'' 1819).''' ''Annalen der Physik und Chemie'', IV, 90 uzupeł. (ergänzungsband), s. 1-155, 1854. Plik {{Djvu|Boguslawski_1854_(AnP_90-uzup).djvu|DjVu}}
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| - | * Buszczyński B., (1887), '''O niektórych zjawiskach jasnych meteorów czyli kul ognistych lub [[:Category:Bolidy|bolidów]], Napisał asystent obserwatorium astronomicznego w Krakowie.''' ''Kosmos'', 12, Lwów 1887, s. 85-87, (Sect. Rozpr. Nauk), s. 103-105.
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| | * +Gadomski Jan, (1936), '''Jasne meteory nad Polską.''' ''Urania'', 1, 1936, s. 11-14. | | * +Gadomski Jan, (1936), '''Jasne meteory nad Polską.''' ''Urania'', 1, 1936, s. 11-14. |
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| - | * Greg R. Philips, Esq., F.G.S., (1861), '''A Catalogue of Meteorites and Fireballs, from A.D. 2 to A.D. 1860.''' w: Report of the Thirtieth Meeting of the British Association for the Advancement of Science; held at Oxford in June and July 1860. Published by John Murray, Albemarle Street, London 1861. Źródło: [http://www.meteoritehistory.info/UKIRELAND/GREG.HTM MeteoriteHistory.info]; plik [http://books.google.pl/books?id=QzEUAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA48&dq=A+Catalogue+of+Meteorites+and+Fireballs,+from+A.D.+2+to+A.D.+1860&hl=pl&ei=Q-tJTbOgIMn4sgb9voS2Dw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CDIQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=A%20Catalogue%20of%20Meteorites%20and%20Fireballs%2C%20from%20A.D.%202%20to%20A.D.%201860&f=false GoogleBooks]; full-HTML(h) [http://www.woreczko.pl/meteorites/references/Greg/INDEX.html version]
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| - | * Kämtz Ludwig Friedrich, (1836), '''Lehrbuch der Meteorologie. Dritter Band.''' Halle, 1836. O [[:Category:Bolidy|bolidach]]. [http://books.google.pl/books?id=DHAAAAAAMAAJ&lpg=PA299&ots=w7m6lRwnCx&dq=Plieninger%20feuerkugel&pg=PR1#v=onepage&q=Plieninger%20feuerkugel&f=false GoogleBooks]
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| - | * Klein Hermann J., (1904), '''Jahrbuch der Astronomie und Geophysik. Enthaltend die wichtigsten Fortschritte auf den Gebieten der Astrophysik, Meteorologie und physikalischen Erdkunde.''' '''''XIV. Jahrgang 1903.''''' Eduard Heinrich Mayer, Leipzig 1904.
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| | * +Popova Olga, Borovička Jiří, Hartmann William K., Spurný Pavel, Gnos Edwin, Nemtchinov Ivan, Trigo-Rodríguez Josep M., (2011), '''Very low strengths of interplanetary meteoroids and small asteroids.''' ''Meteoritics and Planetary Science'', vol. 46, nr 10, 2011, s. 1525-1550. Plik [http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1945-5100.2011.01247.x/pdf PDF ] | | * +Popova Olga, Borovička Jiří, Hartmann William K., Spurný Pavel, Gnos Edwin, Nemtchinov Ivan, Trigo-Rodríguez Josep M., (2011), '''Very low strengths of interplanetary meteoroids and small asteroids.''' ''Meteoritics and Planetary Science'', vol. 46, nr 10, 2011, s. 1525-1550. Plik [http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1945-5100.2011.01247.x/pdf PDF ] |
Największy zanotowany przez sieci bolidowe meteoroid wszedł w ziemską atmosferę 4 grudnia 1974 roku, otrzymał on oznaczenie EN041274 „Šumava”. Był to Northern χ Orionid (bolid typu IIIB) o masie 5-100 ton i osiągnął jasność -21,5m![1]
