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Bolidy

Największy zanotowany przez sieci bolidowe meteoroid wszedł w ziemską atmosferę 4 grudnia 1974 roku, otrzymał on oznaczenie EN041274 „Šumava”. Był to Northern χ Orionid o masie 5-100 ton i osiągnął jasność -21,5^m!

Poza znanymi i identyfikowalnymi zdarzeniami są u Greg'a jeszcze następujące doniesienia (część z nich została również opisana u Boguslawskiego 1854):

Catalogue of aërolites and Bolides, from A.D. 2 to A.D. 1860

Year.	Day of month.	Locality.	Size or weight.	Direction.	Duration; rate; hour;	Remarks, &c.
1729.	Oct. 16	Warsaw	...	...	...	ditto. [fireball]
1821.	Feb. 12	Breslau	...	...	...	ditto. [fireball]
1821.	Dec. 4	Görlitz	...	...	...	ditto. [fireball.]
1822.	Aug. 23	Posen	...	...	...	ditto. [fireball.]
1823.	Oct. 3	Königsberg[1]	...	...	...	ditto. [fireball.]
1824.	Feb. 3	Görlitz	...	...	...	fireball; aërolitic?.
1825.	Jan. 24	Königsberg[1]	...	...	...	ditto. [fireball.]
1830.	Dec. 14	Warsaw	...	...	...	ditto. [fireball.]
1831.	Jan. 12	Breslau	...	...	...	fireball. patrz: Wrocław 1831
1834.	Feb. 4	Upper Silesia	= moon	...	...	high up in the sky. At Cracow chiefly. patrz Śląsk 1834
1834.	Mar. 10	Hirschberg, Silesia[2]	...	...	3½ A.M.	a brilliant meteor; exploded like thunder. patrz Hirschberg 1834
1835.	Jan. 12	Breslau	...	...	...	fireball.
1835.	June 13	Königsberg[1]	...	W. to E.	...	a reddish fireball. patrz: Königsberg 1835
1836.	Oct. 18	Breslau	large	...	...	short tail; no noise. patrz: Wrocław 1836
1836.?	Nov. 22	Silesia	...	...	...	atmospheric explosion. patrz: Śląsk 1836
1837.	Aug. 29	Upper Silesia	...	...	slow	with reddish tail. patrz: Śląsk 1837
1838.	Jan. 2	Breslau	large	N.E to S.W	streak 2'	cast shadows; blue, red. patrz: Wrocław 1838
1841.*	Dec. 5	Goldberg, Silesia[3]	= full moon	S.W. to N.E.	1'	lighted up all the sky; bluish; detonation?. 6.45 P.M. Silesia, Hirschberg, Breslau, Oderberg, Lukenwald, and other places. In bursting, fell into many stars equal 1st mag. in size. Intense light; some heard a report. patrz: Śląsk 1841
1842.	Aug. 5	Silesia?	large	N.W. to S.E.	8.20 P.M.	moved parallel to horizon about 4° high; tailed. Seen by Boguslawski, probably at Breslau; had a smoke-like tail; twilight; burst in 10", leaving a black smoke which slowly ascended, broke up and vanished. Baumhauer, in his Catalogue, refers to the stone-fall same day at Harrowgate. patrz: Śląsk 1842 Aug
1842.*	Oct. 23	Silesia, &c.	large	S. to E.	90° in 3"	brightest at first; sparks; detonation; 8½ P.M. All over Silesia; long rumbling sounds in the air afterwards. patrz: Śląsk 1842 Oct
1844.	Sept. 5	Overall, Silesia	very large	E. to W.	8", slow	nearly horizontal; reddish streak; conical. At Hirschberg; horizontal; slow; E. to W.; like a wine-decanter; greenish-yellow tail; of 4' or 6' in width; brilliant. Also seen at Posen; must have been very high up; detailed accounts sent in from 35 places; burst into several bright stars, which vanished, leaving only a reddish streak; at Breslau, like a large bright lamp; moved in a curved arc of 50° in length; tail 1½° long. patrz: Śląsk 1844
1846.	Mar. 31	Upper Silesia	...	...	quick	bright silvery; short tail. patrz: Śląsk 1846 Mar
1846.	Oct. 24	Silesia; many places	ditto	...	6.45 P.M.	burst into small sparks; no noise; left a small dark cloud for 2'. patrz: Śląsk 1846 Oct
1846.	Nov. 18	Breslau, and other places	...	...	...	like a fiery serpent; no noise. Silesia. Left a bright cloud for 10", composed of three parts. Many places in Silesia. patrz: Wrocław 1846
1847.	Nov. 7	Trebnitz[4], Silesia	...	...	slow	bright fireball. patrz: Śląsk 1847
1847.	Dec. 13	Breslau	...	...	streak 6 or 7"	tail 4° long; rapid; serpentine movement. patrz: Wrocław 1847
1848.	Mar. 8	Breslau	...	...	...	straight down. 1847?.
1848.	May 19	Silesia	...	...	...	large bolide; or 20th May.. patrz: Śląsk 1848
1850.	Apr. 21	Breslau	...	...	25" or 30"	bright meteoric light, increasing and decreasing; burst as it sank below the horizon. patrz: Wrocław 1850
1852.	Jan. 3	Cracow	...	...	...	ditto. [bolide.]
1852.	Sept. 28	Silesia; Breslau	large	┴ down	8¾ A.M.	seen over all Silesia; tailed; during sunshine; no noise.
1852.	Dec. 9	Cracow	...	...	...	ditto. [fireball.]
1852.	Dec. 11	Germany	...	...	...	detonating meteor. See Supplement. patrz: Niezidentyfikowane 1852 i 1861
1853.	Feb. 14	Cracow	...	...	...	ditto. [fireball.]
1853.	Oct. 26	Pomerania	large	...	...	left a spiral trail.
1858.?	Aug. 4	Berlin, Stettin, &c.[5]	...	...	6"	fireball; detonation?. Seen also at Münster and Oderberg. See Buchner's work, pp. 171 and 181. This meteor is said to have twice changed its direction each time of its apparent bursting, and sending out reddish-coloured sparks.

Bibliografia

Historyczne doniesienia o bolidach

• von Boguslawski Georg, (1854), Zehnter Nachtrag zu Chladni's Verzeichnisse der Feuermeteore und herabgefallenen Massen (Wien 1819). Annalen der Physik und Chemie, IV, 90 uzupeł. (ergänzungsband), s. 1-155, 1854. Plik DjVu

• Buszczyński B., (1887), O niektórych zjawiskach jasnych meteorów czyli kul ognistych lub bolidów, Napisał asystent obserwatorium astronomicznego w Krakowie. Kosmos, Lwów 1887, 12, s. 85-87, (Sect. Rozpr. Nauk), s. 103-105.

• Greg R. Philips, Esq., F.G.S., (1861), A Catalogue of Meteorites and Fireballs, from A.D. 2 to A.D. 1860. w: Report of the Thirtieth Meeting of the British Association for the Advancement of Science; held at Oxford in June and July 1860. Published by John Murray, Albemarle Street, London 1861. Źródło: MeteoriteHistory.info; plik GoogleBooks; full-HTML(h) version

• Kämtz Ludwig Friedrich, (1836), Lehrbuch der Meteorologie. Dritter Band. Halle, 1836. O bolidach. GoogleBooks

• Klein Hermann J., (1904), Jahrbuch der Astronomie und Geophysik. Enthaltend die wichtigsten Fortschritte auf den Gebieten der Astrophysik, Meteorologie und physikalischen Erdkunde. XIV. Jahrgang 1903. Eduard Heinrich Mayer, Leipzig 1904.

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